Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment cap badge — cross pattée, Chinese Dragon, naval rope and ducal coronet

The Duke of Edinburgh’s Royal Regiment Cap Badge: History, Symbolism & Meaning

Introduction

The cap badge of The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire) brought together the heritage of two distinguished county regiments and four historic Regiments of Foot.

The regiment was formed on 9 June 1959, when The Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) and The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's) amalgamated at Albany Barracks on the Isle of Wight. Through those antecedents, it inherited the traditions of the 49th, 62nd, 66th and 99th Regiments of Foot, whose histories encompassed more than two centuries of British Army service.

It served until 29 April 1994, when it amalgamated with The Gloucestershire Regiment to form The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment. Its traditions later passed through that regiment into The Rifles.

The badge combined the cross pattée of the Wiltshire Regiment, the Chinese-style dragon of the Royal Berkshire Regiment, a double coil of naval rope, and the ducal coronet associated with the Duke of Edinburgh title. Worn on the beret over the red Brandywine Flash, it was a carefully constructed symbol of the regiment's combined Berkshire and Wiltshire identity.

This guide examines the regiment's origins, the development and symbolism of its cap badge, its operational service and the details collectors should understand when identifying surviving examples.

About This Guide

This article draws upon the National Army Museum and The Rifles Berkshire and Wiltshire Museum (The Wardrobe) as the primary authorities for regimental history, badge development and insignia. The Imperial War Museums and The National Archives are used to corroborate operational history where required. Badge identification and design details follow Kipling and King's Head-Dress Badges of the British Army as the standard reference. Where sources disagree or a regimental tradition is disputed, the wording distinguishes clearly between documented historical evidence and traditional interpretation rather than presenting either as definitive.

Did You Know?

When The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment was formed on 9 June 1959, it did not immediately receive the composite dragon-and-cross cap badge now most closely associated with it. For its first decade, the regiment wore the badge of the Wessex Brigade. The composite design had in fact been worn as the regiment's collar badge before being adopted as the cap badge in November 1969.

Formation and Regimental Lineage

The Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's)

The Royal Berkshire Regiment was formed under the Childers Reforms of 1881 by combining the 49th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Regiment of Foot and the 66th (Berkshire) Regiment of Foot, which became its 1st and 2nd Battalions respectively. The title Royal was granted in recognition of the regiment's gallantry at the action of Tofrek in the Sudan in 1885.

From the Berkshire lineage came several important elements of the later Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment identity, most notably the Chinese Dragon and the red Brandywine Flash.

The 66th Foot brought its own distinguished history, including service during the Peninsular War and costly actions at Albuera in 1811 and Maiwand in 1880.

The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's)

The Wiltshire Regiment was also formed in 1881, combining the 62nd (Wiltshire) Regiment of Foot and the 99th (Duke of Edinburgh's) Regiment of Foot as its 1st and 2nd Battalions. The 99th had formally received the Duke of Edinburgh's designation in 1874.

That title originated with royal association during the 1860s, when the regiment was serving in South Africa and was inspected by Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria. The connection was formalised when the regiment was retitled in 1874.

From the Wiltshire lineage came the cross pattée and the ducal coronet that would later appear in the composite insignia.

Formation on 9 June 1959

On 9 June 1959, The Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) and The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's) amalgamated at Albany Barracks on the Isle of Wight to form:

The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire)

The new regiment inherited Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, as Colonel-in-Chief from the Wiltshire Regiment, which had held that royal connection since the 99th Foot's association with the Duke of Edinburgh title. Prince Philip served as Colonel-in-Chief throughout the regiment's existence. The county identities, battle honours and traditions of both antecedent regiments were retained.

Its lineage therefore included the 49th, 62nd, 66th and 99th Regiments of Foot.

The Development of the Cap Badge

The Wessex Brigade Badge, 1959–1969

On formation, the regiment wore the cap badge of the Wessex Brigade. Both the Royal Berkshire and Wiltshire regiments had already been wearing it within the brigade structure, and the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment continued to do so from 1959 until November 1969.

The badge was anodised gilt for other ranks up to Colour Sergeant, while officers and Warrant Officers Classes I and II wore a white-metal version. The badge was worn over the red Brandywine Flash on the beret.

Adoption of the Composite Badge in 1969

In 1969, the Wessex Brigade was incorporated into the Prince of Wales's Division. Regiments were then permitted to adopt individual badges rather than continuing to wear a common brigade design.

Having been formed only ten years earlier, the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment had no earlier individual cap-badge pattern of its own. It adopted the design already being worn as its collar badge — a composite incorporating elements from both antecedent regiments. That design remained in use until the 1994 amalgamation.

Why the Badge Looked the Way It Did

Amalgamated regiments faced the challenge of creating a shared identity while preserving traditions valued by soldiers of their antecedent units.

The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment combined established symbols from both antecedent regiments. The cross pattée from the Wiltshire Regiment and the Chinese Dragon from the Royal Berkshire Regiment were immediately recognisable to soldiers from both counties. A man who had served in the Berkshires could see his regiment's dragon at the centre of the badge. A man from the Wiltshires could see his regiment's cross. The design was unique to the new regiment, but its components were not invented — they were inherited.

The composite badge remained in use from November 1969 until the regiment's amalgamation in 1994 and became the emblem most closely associated with the regiment.

Badge at a Glance

Element Origin and Meaning
Cross pattée Inherited from The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's)
Chinese Dragon Became a regimental distinction of the 49th Foot following its China service, 1839–1842; inherited via The Royal Berkshire Regiment
Naval rope Commemorates the marine services of the 49th Foot — service in naval expeditions alongside the Royal Navy during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
Ducal coronet Originates from the 99th (Duke of Edinburgh's) Regiment of Foot, which received the designation in 1874 following association with Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh; carried through The Wiltshire Regiment into the composite badge
Brandywine Flash Red cloth backing from The Royal Berkshire Regiment; tradition associated with the 49th Foot's service in 1777

Cap Badge Design and Symbolism

The Cross Pattée

At the foundation of the badge sits a silver or white-metal cross pattée, from The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's). A cross pattée has arms that are narrower at the centre and broaden towards their outer ends. It had long formed part of Wiltshire regimental insignia and provided the structure upon which the other elements were arranged.

The Chinese-Style Dragon

At the centre sits the Chinese Dragon of the Royal Berkshire Regiment. Surrounding it is the cross pattée from the Wiltshire Regiment. Together they formed a distinctive post-war amalgamated regimental cap badge.

The Chinese Dragon became a regimental distinction of the 49th Foot following its service during the First China War of 1839–1842. It later became one of the enduring symbols of The Royal Berkshire Regiment before passing into the insignia of the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment.

It should not be confused with the Sphinx and EGYPT emblem associated with The Gloucestershire Regiment — that symbol only entered the later lineage after the 1994 amalgamation.

The Double Coil of Naval Rope

Encircling the dragon is a double coil of naval rope, commemorating the marine services of the 49th Foot — that is, its service in naval expeditions alongside the Royal Navy. The 49th was not part of the Royal Marines, but during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars it served in operations alongside Royal Navy vessels, including the Copenhagen expedition of 1801.

The Ducal Coronet

Above the coiled rope sits the ducal coronet associated with the Duke of Edinburgh title. Its origin lies with the 99th (Duke of Edinburgh's) Regiment of Foot, which received that designation in 1874 following its association with Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria. The coronet passed through The Wiltshire Regiment into the composite badge.

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, served as Colonel-in-Chief throughout the regiment's existence, but the coronet on the badge was an inherited heraldic element, not a device introduced in connection with his appointment. This was not the Royal Crown used on many British Army cap badges — the badge should not be described as having either a Queen's Crown or a King's Crown version. Its form remained unchanged throughout the regiment's existence.

The Brandywine Flash

On the beret, the cap badge was worn over a red cloth backing known as the Brandywine Flash (also sometimes called the Berkshire Flash). From The Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's), it remained in use throughout the life of the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment and was later carried into The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment before disappearing from service when that regiment became part of The Rifles in 2007.

The flash takes its familiar name from Brandywine, although the tradition is most closely associated with the 49th Foot's Light Company at the night action at Paoli in September 1777, during the wider Philadelphia Campaign of 1777.

Although the tradition commemorates events in 1777, the red cloth backing was officially authorised in 1934. Early versions varied in shape; the familiar inverted triangular flash became associated with beret wear as the regiment's dress evolved. The flash was a separate cloth component worn behind the metal badge — not part of the badge itself.

The Badge in Service

For the soldiers who first wore the composite badge in November 1969, it carried a significance that went beyond heraldry. The regiment had spent its first decade wearing the Wessex Brigade badge — a design shared with other county regiments and carrying no particular connection to Berkshire or Wiltshire. The adoption of the composite badge gave the regiment something it had not previously had: an emblem that was entirely its own.

For men who had transferred from the Royal Berkshire Regiment, the dragon at the centre of the new badge was familiar. For those from the Wiltshire Regiment, the cross pattée was equally recognisable. The badge did not ask either group to abandon its regimental past. Instead, it brought both traditions together in a single design.

Over the following twenty-five years, the composite badge became the image most closely associated with the regiment. It appeared as the regiment's cap and collar badge and across other items of regimental insignia. By the time of the 1994 amalgamation, it had been worn through six tours of Northern Ireland, a posting to Hong Kong, and service across West Germany, Cyprus, Malta and Berlin. For the soldiers who served in those years, the badge was simply the regiment's badge — not a compromise, but an identity.

Regimental Service

In thirty-five years of existence, the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment served in a wide range of overseas, operational and peacekeeping roles.

Early Deployments

The regiment's first overseas activity came in 1960 with a deployment to Libya for an exercise. A company was also sent to the Bahamas to assist with relief work following Hurricane Donna. In 1961 came the regiment's first full overseas training deployment, to Canada. In 1962 came a deployment to British Guiana during a period of civil unrest.

Malta and Cyprus

A four-year posting to Malta began in 1962. From 1964 onwards, elements also served in Cyprus as part of the United Nations peacekeeping force, returning on several occasions including a six-month tour in 1975 and another UN deployment in 1984.

West Germany and Berlin

In 1966 came the first posting to West Germany as part of Britain's NATO commitment during the Cold War. A later tour of West Berlin included the unusual duty of guarding Rudolf Hess at Spandau Prison. Between 1973 and 1983, the regiment alternated between postings in West Germany, the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland.

Northern Ireland

Six tours of Northern Ireland were completed between 1971 and 1993. Service included involvement during the 1974 Maze Prison riot. Northern Ireland formed a major part of the regiment's operational history and placed repeated demands upon its soldiers and their families.

Home Service

During the 1977 firefighters' strike, the regiment supported the civil authorities by providing emergency fire cover using military equipment. Such duties formed part of the wider range of home and overseas responsibilities undertaken by British infantry regiments during the period.

Hong Kong

From 1988 to 1990, the regiment served with the British garrison in Hong Kong. Duties included patrols along the border with China before the regiment returned to the United Kingdom.

Collector's Note

In 1978, during a posting to Osnabrück, the regiment trialled an all-cloth version of the cap badge worn together with a cloth Brandywine Flash. The trial was short-lived and the metal badge remained the standard. Examples associated with this trial are occasionally encountered by collectors and should be identified with care.

Amalgamation and Later Lineage

On 29 April 1994, The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment amalgamated with The Gloucestershire Regiment to form:

The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment

Several elements of the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment heritage were retained, including the cross pattée, the China Dragon on its buttons and the red Brandywine Flash. The Sphinx and back-badge tradition from The Gloucestershire Regiment were also incorporated.

In July 2005, the regiment was renamed The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Light Infantry. On 1 February 2007, it amalgamated with other light infantry and rifle regiments to form The Rifles.

Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) + Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's)
The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire), 9 June 1959–1994
Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment, 1994–2005
Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Light Infantry, 2005–2007
The Rifles, 2007–present

Key Dates Timeline

Date Event
1777 The 49th Foot's Light Company serves during the Philadelphia Campaign; the night action at Paoli in September 1777 becomes most closely associated with the Brandywine Flash tradition
1801 The 49th Foot serves during the Copenhagen expedition alongside the Royal Navy, contributing to the tradition commemorated by the naval rope on the badge
1839–1842 The 49th Foot serves during the First China War; the Chinese Dragon becomes a regimental distinction following this China service
1874 The 99th Regiment of Foot formally receives the designation 99th (Duke of Edinburgh's) Regiment of Foot, following association with Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh; the ducal coronet originates from this connection
1881 The 49th and 66th Foot form the Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's); the 62nd and 99th Foot form The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's)
1885 The title Royal granted to the Berkshire Regiment in recognition of gallantry at Tofrek
1934 The red Brandywine Flash officially authorised for wear
9 June 1959 The Royal Berkshire and Wiltshire regiments amalgamate at Albany Barracks, Isle of Wight, to form The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment; Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, continues as Colonel-in-Chief of the new regiment
1959–1969 The regiment wears the Wessex Brigade badge; the composite design is worn as the collar badge
1960 Deployment to Libya; company sent to the Bahamas following Hurricane Donna
1961 First full overseas training deployment, to Canada
November 1969 The composite dragon-and-cross collar badge design is adopted as the cap badge
1971 First Northern Ireland tour
1974 Service during the Maze Prison riot
1977 Emergency duties during the firefighters' strike
1978 Short-lived trial of an all-cloth badge and Brandywine Flash at Osnabrück
1984 United Nations service in Cyprus
1988–1990 Hong Kong garrison and border duties
1993 Final Northern Ireland deployment
29 April 1994 Amalgamation with The Gloucestershire Regiment to form the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment
2005 Successor regiment becomes a light infantry regiment
1 February 2007 The lineage passes into The Rifles; the Brandywine Flash ceases to be worn

Collecting the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment Cap Badge

Two Principal Badge Periods

Two fundamentally different cap-badge designs were worn during the regiment's existence: the Wessex Brigade badge from 1959 until November 1969, and the composite cross pattée, dragon, rope and ducal coronet badge from 1969 until 1994. This distinction is essential when dating an example.

Officers' and Other Ranks' Versions

Officers' badges were generally produced to a finer specification than those issued to other ranks, though materials and construction varied by period and manufacturer. The National Army Museum records an officers' example with a silver cross pattée, dragon and naval rope. Other-ranks examples may be encountered in anodised aluminium or other service finishes, and the difference in quality between an officers' badge and an other-ranks example can be considerable.

Identification should rest on the complete combination of construction, finish, dimensions, reverse fittings, manufacturer and provenance. No single feature guarantees authenticity.

Reproductions and Caution

Reproductions of the composite badge are regularly encountered. However, weight, finish or the presence or absence of a maker's mark should never be used alone to determine authenticity. Genuine period badges may be marked or unmarked, while reproductions may copy original-style fittings and markings. Identification should consider construction, dimensions, metal, finish, reverse fittings, wear, provenance and comparison with documented examples.

The Coronet Is Not a Royal Crown

Collectors should be cautious of descriptions referring to a "Queen's Crown" or "King's Crown" Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment badge. The device above the rope is a ducal coronet, not St Edward's Crown or the Tudor Crown. It is an inherited heraldic element originating from the 99th Foot's association with the Duke of Edinburgh title, formalised in 1874. Its form remained unchanged throughout the regiment's existence and does not vary by reign.

The Brandywine Flash

An original metal badge may be found without its cloth backing, but when worn on the beret it was displayed over the red Brandywine Flash (also known as the Berkshire Flash). The badge and cloth backing were separate components — the absence of the flash does not automatically indicate an incorrect example. Period cloth flashes are frequently missing from collections, having been separated from the badge over time or simply discarded when the badge was removed from service wear. The Brandywine Flash ceased to be worn when the lineage passed into The Rifles in 2007.

Surviving Traditions

The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment ceased to exist as a separate regiment in 1994, but its heritage did not disappear with it. The traditions, battle honours and regimental identity of both the Royal Berkshire and Wiltshire regiments — and of the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment itself — are preserved today through several channels.

The Rifles Berkshire and Wiltshire Museum, known as The Wardrobe and based in Salisbury, preserves collections relating to the Royal Berkshire Regiment, the Wiltshire Regiment, The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment and their successor regiments.

Within The Rifles, the lineage of the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment is carried forward alongside those of the other regiments that amalgamated in 2007. Veterans' associations connected to the Berkshire and Wiltshire traditions continue to meet, and the regiment's history is maintained through regimental journals, association records and museum collections. The badge itself — the composite dragon-and-cross design worn from 1969 to 1994 — remains a well-documented example of a post-war amalgamated regimental cap badge.

Frequently Asked Questions

When was The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment formed?

9 June 1959, when The Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) and The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's) amalgamated at Albany Barracks on the Isle of Wight.

When did the regiment cease to exist as a separate regiment?

On 29 April 1994, when it amalgamated with The Gloucestershire Regiment to form The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment. It was not disbanded but absorbed into a successor regiment, through which its traditions continued.

Why did the regiment wear the Wessex Brigade badge?

On formation in 1959, the regiment joined the Wessex Brigade structure alongside other county regiments, all of which wore a common badge. It continued to do so until November 1969, when the brigade system was reorganised and regiments were permitted to adopt their own individual badges.

Why is there a dragon on the badge?

The Chinese Dragon became a regimental distinction of the 49th Foot following its service during the First China War of 1839–1842. It was subsequently taken up by The Royal Berkshire Regiment and passed into the insignia of the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment. It does not represent China in a general sense — it records a specific campaign in the regiment's history.

Why does the badge have a ducal coronet rather than a Royal Crown?

The ducal coronet is an inherited heraldic element, not an absence of a Royal Crown. It originates from the 99th (Duke of Edinburgh's) Regiment of Foot, which received that designation in 1874 following its association with Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh. That coronet passed through The Wiltshire Regiment into the composite badge. Because the coronet is a historic badge element rather than a device tied to a particular reign, there is no Queen's Crown or King's Crown version of this badge.

What is the difference between the Wessex Brigade badge and the later cap badge?

The Wessex Brigade badge was a common design shared by several county regiments. The composite badge adopted in November 1969 was unique to The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment, combining the cross pattée, Chinese Dragon, naval rope and ducal coronet. The two are entirely different designs.

What does the cross represent?

The cross pattée was from The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's) and forms the main structure of the badge.

What does the rope represent?

The double coil of naval rope commemorates the marine services of the 49th Foot — its service in naval expeditions alongside the Royal Navy during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, notably the Copenhagen expedition of 1801. The 49th was not part of the Royal Marines; the term refers to its participation in naval operations of that period.

Why is it called the Brandywine Flash?

The flash takes its familiar name from Brandywine, although the tradition is most closely associated with the 49th Foot's Light Company at the night action at Paoli in September 1777, during the wider Philadelphia Campaign of 1777. Both events occurred in the same operational theatre.

When was the Brandywine Flash officially authorised?

Although the tradition commemorates events in 1777, the red cloth backing was officially authorised in 1934. Early versions varied in shape before the familiar inverted triangular flash became associated with beret wear.

What happened to the Brandywine Flash after 2007?

It was carried into The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment after the 1994 amalgamation. When that regiment became part of The Rifles on 1 February 2007, the flash ceased to be worn as a regimental distinction and is no longer in current use.

Did the badge contain a Sphinx?

No. The Sphinx and EGYPT device belonged to the Gloucestershire lineage and appeared only after the 1994 amalgamation.

Did the regiment wear the same badge throughout its existence?

No. The Wessex Brigade badge was worn from 1959 until November 1969, after which the composite collar badge design was adopted as the cap badge.

Did the regiment serve in Iraq or Afghanistan?

No. The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment ceased to exist as a separate regiment in 1994. Later service in Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan belonged to its successor regiments.

What happened to its traditions?

They passed into The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment, later the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Light Infantry, and ultimately into The Rifles. The regimental collections are held at The Wardrobe museum in Salisbury.

The Regiment's Enduring Legacy

The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment existed from 9 June 1959 until 1994, but the heritage carried by its badge extended much further into the past.

The cross pattée recalled the Wiltshire Regiment. The Chinese Dragon commemorated the Royal Berkshire Regiment and the China service of the 49th Foot. The naval rope recorded the 49th Foot's marine services — its service in naval expeditions alongside the Royal Navy — while the ducal coronet reflected the Duke of Edinburgh title carried through the lineage of the 99th Foot, originating with Prince Alfred's association in 1874 and continuing through Prince Philip's role as Colonel-in-Chief.

Behind the badge stood the combined history of the 49th, 62nd, 66th and 99th Regiments of Foot, together with the service of the Royal Berkshire and Wiltshire regiments through two world wars and numerous earlier campaigns.

For those who served, the badge remains a symbol of regimental identity, county pride and comradeship. For collectors and military historians, it successfully combined the traditions of Berkshire and Wiltshire into a single regimental identity.

Although the regiment disappeared during the restructuring of 1994, its heritage did not. Carried first into The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment and later into The Rifles, the histories of Berkshire and Wiltshire continue to be remembered.

Further Reading

Officially Licensed Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment Emblems and Heritage Displays

Precision Military Emblems produces officially licensed British military emblems and heritage displays under Ministry of Defence licence. Each product is based upon authorised regimental artwork and created to preserve the history, identity and symbolism carried by the original insignia.

About Precision Military Emblems

Precision Military Emblems is a UK-based producer of officially licensed British Army regimental emblems and heritage displays. Working under Ministry of Defence licence with MOD-approved artwork, the company produces cap badge displays, framed regimental pieces, and heritage items for collectors, veterans, regimental associations, and museums.

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